Robots
A robot is a machine. But it is not just any machine. It is a
special kind of machine. It is a machine that moves. It follows
instructions. The instructions come from a computer. Because it is a
machine, it does not make mistakes. And it does not get tired. And it never complains. Unless you tell it to!
Robots are all around us. Some robots are used to make
things. For example, robots can help make cars. Some robots are
used to explore dangerous places. For example, robots can help
explore volcanoes. Some robots are used to clean things. These
robots can help vacuum your house. Some robots can even
recognize words. They can be used to help answer telephone calls.
Some robots look like humans. But most robots do not. Most robots
just look like machines.
Long ago, people imagined robots. Over 2,000 years ago, a famous poet imagined robots. The
poet’s name was Homer. His robots were made of gold. They cleaned things and they made things. But they were not real. They were imaginary. Nobody was able to make a real robot. The first real robot was made in 1961. It was called Unimate. It was used to help make cars. It looked like a giant arm.
In the future, we will have even more robots. They will do things that we can’t do. Or they will do things that we don’t want to do. Or they will do things that are too dangerous for us. Robots will help us fight fires. They will help us fight wars. They will help us fight sickness. They will help us discover things.
They will help make life better.
1) As used in paragraph 1, we can understand that something special is NOT
A. normal
B. expensive
C. perfect
D. tired
2) According to the author, robots may be used to
I. make cars
II. explore volcanoes
III. answer telephone calls
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
3) What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
A. to show how easy it is to make a robot
B. to tell what a robot is
C. to describe the things a robot can do
D. to explain the difference between a robot and a machine
4) According to the passage, when was the first real robot made?
A. 1961
B. 1900
C. 2003
D. 2000 years ago
5) Using the information in the passage as a guide, which of these gives the best use of a robot?
A. to help make a sandwich
B. to help tie shoes
C. to help read a book
D. to help explore Mars
6) Which of these statements correctly summarizes how the author of this passage feels about robots?
A. Robots are old.
B. Robots are confusing.
C. Robots are helpful.
D. Robots are dangerous.
7) Near the end of the passage, the author says that "In the future, we will have even more robots." The
author concludes by telling us that robots "will help make life better." What do you think about this?
Do you think this is true? Will robots help make life better? Why or why not? Explain.
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1) A
Question Type: Vocabulary
special (adjective): being a particular one; particular, individual, or certain.
In order to answer this question correctly, we need to figure out what the word special means as it is used in paragraph 1. Then we
need to say which word means the opposite of this meaning. To do this, we can start by using context clues—hints from known
words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase—to help us figure out what the word special must mean, as it is used in
paragraph 1. In paragraph 1, we read: “It is a special kind of machine.” In the previous two sentences, we are told that a robot is “a machine,” but that it is “not just any machine.” From this, we can tell that a robot is a machine, but that it is not just any machine.
Because it is not just any machine, we can tell that it is not like other machines, or that it is different from normal machines. From
this, we can understand that, when the author says that a robot is “a special kind of machine,” he or she must mean that it is not a
normal or ordinary kind of machine. This lets us know that, as it is used in paragraph 1, the word special must mean “different from
normal.” We can now understand that the word special means the opposite of “normal.” Something special is not normal. Therefore
(A) is correct. Using the above information, we can tell that the word special, as it is used in paragraph 1, must mean “different from normal.” This lets us know that the meaning of the word special does not have anything to do with whether or not it is expensive. We can now understand that the word special does not mean “not expensive.” This eliminates (B). Using the above information, we can tell that the word special, as it is used in paragraph 1, must mean “different from normal.” This lets us know that the meaning of the word special does not have anything to do with whether or not it is perfect, since something that is different from normal might or might not be perfect. We can now understand that the word special does not mean “not perfect.” This eliminates (C). Using the
above information, we can tell that the word special, as it is used in paragraph 1, must mean “different from normal.” This lets us
know that the meaning of the word special does not have anything to do with being tired. We can now understand that the word
special does not mean “not tired.” This eliminates (D).
2) D
Question Type: Detail
In paragraph 2, we read: “robots can help make cars.” This lets us know that robots may be used to make cars. This
supports option (I). In paragraph 2, we also read: “robots can help explore volcanoes.” This lets us know that robots may be used
explore volcanoes. This supports option (II). In paragraph 2, we again also read that robots “can be used to help answer telephone
calls.” This lets us know that robots may be used to answer telephone calls. This supports option (III). Therefore (D) is correct.
3) C
Question Type: Detail
In paragraph 2, we are told all about the things that robots can do. We are told that “some robots are used to make things.” We are
told that “some robots are used to explore dangerous places.” We are told that “some robots are used to clean things.” We are told
that “some robots can even recognize words,” and “answer telephone calls.” We are also told about some examples of things that
robots do. For example, we are told about robots that help build cars, that help explore volcanoes, and that vacuum houses. All of
this lets us know about things that robots can do. From this we can understand that the main purpose of paragraph 2 must be to
describe the things a robot can do. Therefore (C) is correct. In paragraph 2, we are told all about the things that robots can do. We
are not told anything about how to make a robot. From this we can understand that the main purpose of paragraph 2 cannot be to
show how easy it is to make a robot. Therefore (A) is incorrect. Although this passage does tell us what a robot is, it does not tell
this to us in paragraph 2. It tells us in paragraph 1, where we are told that a robot is a machine that can move and follow instructions
from a computer. In paragraph 2, we are told all about the things that robots can do, but we are not told what a robot is. From this
we can understand that the main purpose of paragraph 2 cannot be to tell what a robot is. Therefore (B) is incorrect. Although this
passage does explain to us the difference between a robot and an ordinary machine, it does not do so in paragraph 2. It does this in
paragraph 1, where we learn that a robot is a “special machine,” and we are told that a robot is a special machine because it can
move and follow instructions from a computer. In paragraph 2, we are told all about the things that robots can do, but we are not told
how to tell the difference between a robot and a machine. From this we can understand that the main purpose of paragraph 2
cannot be to explain the difference between a robot and a machine. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
4) A
Question Type: Detail
In paragraph 3, we read: “The first real robot was made in 1961.” This lets us know that, according to this passage, the first real
robot was made in 1961. Therefore (A) is correct. The passage does not provide information to support choices (B) or (C).
Therefore they are incorrect. Although the passage does tell us that a famous poet imagined robots over 2000 years ago, it also tells
us that these robots “were not real,” and that the “first real robot was made in 1961.” This lets us know that the first real robot was
not made 2000 years ago. Therefore (D) is incorrect.
5) D
Question Type: Inference
In paragraph 4, we read that, in the future, robots “will do things that we can’t.” We also read that they “will do things that we don’t
want to do.” Again, we also read that they “will do things that are too dangerous for us.” We are then given some examples of these
things that robots will do. For example, they will help us fight fires, wars, and sickness. And they will help us discover things. All of
this lets us know that the best uses for robots are for tasks that are very hard for humans to do, or very dangerous for humans to do,
or that help us discover things we couldn’t discover otherwise. Going to explore Mars would be both very hard and very dangerous
for humans to do, and would help us discover things we couldn’t discover otherwise. From this we can understand that helping to
explore Mars is a best use of a robot. Therefore (D) is correct. Using the above information, we can tell that the best uses for robots
are for tasks that are very hard for humans to do, or very dangerous for humans to do, or that help us discover things we couldn’t
discover otherwise. Helping to make a sandwich is not something that would be very hard or dangerous for humans to do, and
would not help us discover things we couldn’t discover otherwise. From this we can understand that helping to make a sandwich is
not a best use of a robot. Therefore (A) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that the best uses for robots are for
tasks that are very hard for humans to do, or very dangerous for humans to do, or that help us discover things we couldn’t discover
otherwise. Helping to tie shoes is not something that would be very hard or dangerous for humans to do, and would not help us
discover things we couldn’t discover otherwise. From this we can understand that helping to tie shoes is not a best use of a robot.
Therefore (B) is incorrect. Using the above information, we can tell that the best uses for robots are for tasks that are very hard for
humans to do, or very dangerous for humans to do, or that help us discover things we couldn’t discover otherwise. Helping to read a
book is not something that would be very hard or dangerous for humans to do, and would not help us discover things we couldn’t
discover otherwise. From this we can understand that helping to read a book is not a best use of a robot. Therefore (C) is incorrect.
6) C
Question Type: Global
In this passage, we learn many things about robots. We learn what a robot is, and that robots do not make mistakes or get tired. We
learn that robots can help make things, explore dangerous places, clean things, and recognize words. We learn that the first robot
was made to help build cars, and that before that imaginary robots were imagined as helping to clean and to make things. We learn
that in the future robots will help us to do the things we cannot do or do not want to do, and that they will “make life better.” All of this
lets us know that the most important thing about robots, according to the author of this passage, is that they help. The author does
not talk about any robots that do not help or that cause harm. All of the robots he or she talks about are helpful robots. From this we
can understand that the author of this passage most likely feels that robots are helpful. Therefore (C) is correct. Although the author
of this passage does tell us that people from long ago in history imagined robots, this does not mean that robots are old. In fact, we
are told that nobody was able to make a real robot until 1961. Also, the author of this passage talks mostly about the robots of today
or the robots of tomorrow. The only old robot that he or she talks about is the first real robot, the Unimate. From this we can
understand that the author of this passage most likely does not feel that robots are old. This eliminates (A). The author of this
passage does not say anything that might make us think that robots are confusing. From this we can understand that the author of
this passage most likely does not feel that robots are confusing. This eliminates (B). Although the author of this passage does talk
about dangerous things, he or she does not say that robots are dangerous. He or she says that robots can help to “explore
dangerous places” or “do things that are too dangerous for us.” This lets us know that the author of this passage most likely does
not feel that robots are dangerous. This eliminates (D)
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